Year 11 · ICT · Summer 1 · Final revision and the exams

Last Paper 2 practice

Exam practicePresent ▶

What this lesson covers

17.3 Paragraph spacing, tabs and indents

Cambridge IGCSE ICT 0417 · Topic 17: Document production · Paper 2

18.2 Manipulate data: calculations, sorting and queries

Cambridge IGCSE ICT 0417 · Topic 18: Databases · Paper 2

19b Add and edit objects

Cambridge IGCSE ICT 0417 · Topic 19: Presentations · Paper 2

You will learn to

Complete a Paper 2 practice under time, using your timing plan.
Use the final check routine before the last save.
Correct every lost mark using the mark scheme.

Success criteria

I can finish each task by its planned clock time.
I can show evidence for every step that asks for it.
I can fix every lost mark in the corrections time.

The syllabus points for these sections

Set line spacing and spacing before and after paragraphs.
Set left, right, centre and decimal tabs.
Apply first-line and hanging indents.
Keep spacing consistent across the whole document.
Create calculated fields in queries and calculated controls in reports and forms.
Use sum, average, maximum, minimum and count.
Sort on one or more fields, ascending or descending.
Write query criteria with =, >, <, >=, <=, <> and AND, OR, NOT.
Use LIKE with the wildcards * and ?.
Give clear evidence of every query you build.
Insert and edit text, images, charts, tables, shapes, lines, audio and video.
Add alternative text to images and other objects.
Create action buttons and hyperlinks to slides, files, email addresses and URLs.
Write presenter notes.

Key words

Say each word, then read what it means. Every one is in the glossary too.

Page orientation: Whether the page is portrait (tall) or landscape (wide).
Margin: The blank border between the edge of the paper and the text.
Column: A vertical strip of text; text flows from one column to the next.
Column spacing: The gap between two columns.
Page break: A marker that forces the text after it onto a new page.
Column break: A marker that forces the text after it into the next column.
Line spacing: The space between lines inside one paragraph.
Spacing before/after: Extra space above or below a paragraph, measured in points.
Tab stop: A set position on a line that the cursor jumps to when the tab key is pressed.
Decimal tab: A tab stop that lines up numbers on their decimal points.
Hanging indent: All lines of a paragraph except the first are moved in from the margin.
First-line indent: Only the first line of a paragraph is moved in from the margin.
Find and replace: A tool that finds text and swaps it for other text.
Match case: A find option that only finds text with the same capital and small letters.
Hyperlink: Text or an object that jumps to a slide, file, email address or web page when clicked.
Database: An organised store of data that can be searched, sorted and reported on.
Table: A set of records about one kind of thing, such as members or bookings.
Record: One row of a table: all the data about one item.
Field: One column of a table: one piece of data stored for every record.
Field type: The kind of data a field holds: text, numeric, date/time or Boolean.
Display format: How a value looks on screen or paper, without changing the stored value.
Query: A search that shows only the records that meet given criteria.
Criteria: The conditions a record must meet to appear in a query result.
Wildcard: A symbol in a search pattern: * means any number of characters, ? means exactly one.
Calculated field: A field in a query that is worked out from other fields, not typed in.
Calculated control: A box on a report or form that shows a calculation, such as a total.
Master slide: A template slide whose layout, styles and objects appear on every slide.
Slide layout: A pattern of placeholders, such as title and content or two content.
Action button: A ready-made shape, such as a Home arrow, that runs a link or action when clicked.
Presenter notes: Notes for the speaker under each slide, not shown to the audience on screen.
Alternative text: A short description of an image or object, read aloud by screen readers.
Looped presentation: A show that advances on timings and restarts by itself after the last slide.
Slide sorter: A view showing small copies of every slide, used to reorder, hide or check slides.

The explanation

Read it here, or open the study page below to go one step at a time with things to try.

17.3 Paragraph spacing, tabs and indents

Line spacing and paragraph spacing

Line spacing is the space between lines inside one paragraph. Common values: single, 1.15, 1.5, double.

Spacing before and after is the extra space above or below a whole paragraph, measured in points (pt). For example, 0 pt before and 6 pt after.

A typical task: "Set all body text to single line spacing with 6 pt spacing after each paragraph."

?Why?

Paragraph spacing separates ideas without blank lines. Blank lines give uneven gaps, especially at the top of columns and pages.

!Watch out

"All body text" includes the last paragraph and any list. Check that every paragraph has the same spacing after, including those you imported or moved.

Tab stops: four kinds

A tab stop is a fixed position on the line. Pressing the tab key jumps the cursor to it. Tabs line up text in neat columns without a table.

Left tab: text starts at the tab. Right tab: text ends at the tab. Centre tab: text is centred on the tab. Decimal tab: decimal points line up on the tab.

Set tabs at exact positions from the ruler or the tab settings, such as "a decimal tab at 12 cm".

e.g.Example

Price list with a left tab at 1 cm and a decimal tab at 12 cm: →Road bike, 2 hours→12.50 →Electric bike, 2 hours→24.00 →Child seat→3.5 The decimal points line up under each other at 12 cm.

?Why?

Decimal tabs make prices easy to compare. Spaces never line up exactly, because letters have different widths.

!Watch out

Using the space bar to line up columns always looks slightly wrong when printed. The examiner checks alignment, so use tab stops.

Indents: first line and hanging

An indent moves text in from the margin.

A first-line indent moves only the first line of a paragraph in. It is common in books.

A hanging indent keeps the first line at the margin and moves all the other lines in. It is used for lists and references, so the start of each item stands out.

e.g.Example

Hanging indent of 1 cm: Terms: All bikes must be returned by 20:00 on the day of hire. The first line starts at the margin. The second line starts 1 cm in.

!Watch out

Do not make indents with spaces or tabs at the start of each line. If the text reflows, the lines go out of place. Use the indent settings.

18.2 Manipulate data: calculations, sorting and queries

Calculated fields and calculated controls

A calculated field is a new field in a query, worked out from other fields. It is not typed in and not stored in the table.

A calculated control is a box on a report or form that shows a calculation, such as a total.

In most database software you give the new field a name, a colon, then the formula. Field names go in square brackets.

e.g.Example

Booking 101: Hours 1.5, Rate €12.00 Cost = 1.5 × 12.00 = €18.00 Booking 103: Hours 2, Rate €11.00 Cost = 2 × 11.00 = €22.00 All eight costs: 18.00, 4.50, 22.00, 4.50, 8.00, 12.00, 24.00, 11.00

Calculated field in a query:
Cost: [Hours]*[Rate]

Calculated control in a report footer:
=Sum([Cost])

?Why?

Calculating, not storing, keeps the answer right. If someone corrects the hours, the cost updates by itself.

!Watch out

Spell the field names exactly as in the table. [Hour] instead of [Hours] makes the software ask for a value, and the answer is wrong.

Sum, average, maximum, minimum, count

These five functions summarise many records into one value. You use them in reports (calculated controls) or in queries (a totals row).

Sum adds up. Average adds up and divides by how many. Max finds the biggest. Min finds the smallest. Count counts the records.

Function	Formula typed	Result for all 8 bookings
Sum	=Sum([Cost])	€104.00
Average	=Avg([Cost])	€13.00
Maximum	=Max([Cost])	€24.00
Minimum	=Min([Cost])	€4.50
Count	=Count([BookingID])	8

e.g.Example

Sum: 18 + 4.50 + 22 + 4.50 + 8 + 12 + 24 + 11 = 104.00 Average: 104.00 ÷ 8 = 13.00 Max: 24.00 (booking 107) Min: 4.50 (bookings 102 and 104) Count: 8 records

!Watch out

Put a total in the report footer, not the page footer. A page footer total often shows an error or only that page's records.

Sort on one or more fields

Ascending means A to Z, smallest to largest, earliest date to latest. Descending is the reverse.

You can sort on two fields. The first sort field decides the main order. The second only matters when the first field has equal values.

In most query grids the software sorts from left to right. Put the main sort field to the left of the second one.

e.g.Example

Task: sort by Activity ascending, then by Cost descending. Padel 107 €24.00 Padel 101 €18.00 Padel 106 €12.00 Pilates 105 €8.00 Swimming 102 €4.50 Swimming 104 €4.50 Tennis 103 €22.00 Tennis 108 €11.00

?Why?

Within the three Padel bookings, the activity is the same, so the second sort (Cost, largest first) decides their order.

!Watch out

If Cost sits to the left of Activity in the grid, the software sorts by Cost first. The printout is then in the wrong order and loses the mark.

Read a query grid: a simple search

A query asks the database a question and shows only the matching records. Most software gives you a design grid.

Each column is one field. The rows are: Field, Table, Sort, Show, Criteria and Or.

Criteria is the condition a record must meet. Show decides if the field appears in the result.

Task: find all Padel bookings, by date. The software adds quote marks around text, so "Padel" is fine.

Field	BookingID	Activity	BookDate	Cost: [Hours]*[Rate]
Table	Bookings	Bookings	Bookings
Sort			Ascending
Show	✓	✓	✓	✓
Criteria		"Padel"
Or

e.g.Example

Result (3 records): 101 Padel 06/10/2026 €18.00 106 Padel 09/10/2026 €12.00 107 Padel 10/10/2026 €24.00

Comparison operators

Comparison operators compare a field with a value. They work on numbers, currency and dates.

= equal to. > greater than. < less than. >= greater than or equal to. <= less than or equal to. <> not equal to.

For dates, "greater than" means later. Some software puts # signs round a date for you. That is normal.

Criteria	Field	Matching bookings
>10	Cost	101, 103, 106, 107, 108
<=8	Rate	102, 104, 105
>=08/10/2026	BookDate	104, 105, 106, 107, 108
<>"Swimming"	Activity	101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108
2	Hours	103, 107

!Watch out

Watch the difference between > and >=. ">08/10/2026" leaves out bookings 104 and 105, which are on 8 October. Read whether the task says "after" or "on or after".

AND: every condition must be true

AND means a record must meet all the conditions. AND makes the result smaller.

In a query grid, conditions on the same Criteria row are joined with AND.

Task: find Padel bookings that are not paid.

Field	BookingID	Activity	Paid
Table	Bookings	Bookings	Bookings
Sort
Show	✓	✓	✓
Criteria		"Padel"	No
Or

e.g.Example

Padel bookings: 101, 106, 107 Of these, Paid = No: only 106 Result: 1 record (106, Padel, No) A range on one field also uses AND: Cost criteria: >=10 And <=20 Result: 101 (€18.00), 106 (€12.00), 108 (€11.00)

?Why?

Cost cannot be both above 20 and below 10, so AND inside one cell gives a range. Some software also accepts Between 10 And 20.

OR: any condition can be true

OR means a record needs to meet at least one condition. OR makes the result bigger.

In a query grid, conditions on different rows (Criteria and Or) are joined with OR. You can also type "Padel" Or "Tennis" in one cell.

Each row is read as a complete condition on its own. This matters when you mix AND with OR.

Field	BookingID	Activity	Paid
Table	Bookings	Bookings	Bookings
Sort
Show	✓	✓	✓
Criteria		"Padel"	No
Or		"Tennis"	No

e.g.Example

Task: unpaid Padel or Tennis bookings. Row 1: Padel AND No → 106 Row 2: Tennis AND No → 103 Result: 103 and 106 Wrong grid: "No" typed only on row 1. Row 1: Padel AND No → 106 Row 2: Tennis (any Paid) → 103, 108 Result: 103, 106, 108. Booking 108 is paid, so this is wrong.

!Watch out

When you mix AND and OR, repeat the shared condition on every row. This is one of the most common lost marks in Paper 2.

NOT, LIKE and wildcards

NOT finds records that do not match. Not "Swimming" gives the same result as <>"Swimming".

LIKE searches for a pattern instead of an exact value. It uses wildcards: symbols that stand for unknown characters.

The `*` wildcard stands for any number of characters, including none. The `?` wildcard stands for exactly one character.

Try it below. The toy uses a different table: a sports centre's bookings. Press the Member LIKE S* example, then type Not in front of Like "S*". Watch the matching and non-matching records swap. Then try Like "?a*".

Criteria	Field	Matches	Bookings / members found
Like "P*"	Activity	Starts with P	Padel and Pilates: 101, 105, 106, 107
Not Like "P*"	Activity	Does not start with P	Swimming and Tennis: 102, 103, 104, 108
Like "*ing"	Activity	Ends with ing	Swimming: 102, 104
Like "?a*"	LastName	Second letter is a	García, Martín, Navarro (M01, M04, M05)

?Why?

In "?a*" the ? uses up exactly the first letter, so the a must be second. Ruiz and López fail because their second letters are u and ó.

!Watch out

Some database software uses % and _ instead of * and ?. Cambridge uses * and ?. If you type "P*" without LIKE, many programs search for a real star.

There is something to try for this step in the IGCSE library.

Queries across two tables, and evidence

Because the tables are related, one query can show fields from both. Add both tables to the query; the relationship joins them on MemberID.

Task: show the name, activity and cost of every unpaid booking, with a charge after discount.

Evidence: take a screenshot of the design grid showing all criteria in full, and a screenshot or printout of the result.

Field	FirstName	LastName	Activity	Paid	Charge: [Hours][Rate](1-[Discount])
Table	Members	Members	Bookings	Bookings
Sort		Ascending
Show	✓	✓	✓	✗	✓
Criteria				No
Or

e.g.Example

Unpaid bookings: 103, 105, 106, sorted by LastName Carmen López, Pilates: 1 × 8.00 × (1 − 0.3) = €5.60 Diego Martín, Tennis: 2 × 11.00 × (1 − 0) = €22.00 Sofía Navarro, Padel: 1 × 12.00 × (1 − 0.2) = €9.60

?Why?

Paid is used to search but is not shown, so Show is unticked. The task decides which fields appear.

!Watch out

Common lost marks: criteria cut off in a narrow column, a typing error such as "Paddel", showing fields the task did not ask for, or no screenshot of the criteria at all. The examiner can only mark what is visible.

19b Add and edit objects

Text, images, charts and tables

Text: type exactly as given. Check spelling, capitals and punctuation against the brief.

Images: place, resize keeping the aspect ratio, and align with other objects. Do not let an image cover text.

Charts: create from the data given, with a title, axis titles or a legend as the task asks. Tables: the right number of rows and columns, with all text visible.

e.g.Example

Slide 3 brief: "Insert a bar chart of bookings per activity: Padel 42, Swimming 65, Tennis 28, Pilates 19. Title: Bookings in October." Check: chart type, every bar labelled, exact title, no default title like "Chart Title" left on.

!Watch out

A stretched or squashed image loses the mark. Drag from a corner handle, or lock the aspect ratio, when you resize.

Shapes, lines, audio and video

Shapes and lines can highlight or divide content. Draw them with the exact style the task asks, such as a 3 point line.

Audio and video are inserted from a supplied file. Set whether they play automatically or on click, as the task says.

Keep media inside the slide. A video that covers the footer hides your candidate details.

?Why?

In a looped display there is nobody to click, so media must start automatically. With a speaker, playing on click lets them choose the moment.

Alternative text

Alternative text (alt text) is a short description stored with an image, chart or other object.

Screen readers read it aloud to people who cannot see the slide. It also helps if an image fails to load.

Describe what the image shows and why it is there, in a short phrase.

e.g.Example

Image of two players on a padel court. Weak alt text: "image1.jpg" Good alt text: "Two players in a doubles padel match on a glass-walled court"

!Watch out

If the task asks for alt text, take a screenshot showing the alt text box, or the examiner cannot see it.

Action buttons and hyperlinks

A hyperlink is text or an object that jumps somewhere when clicked. An action button is a ready-made shape, such as a Home or Next arrow, with a link attached.

A link can go to another slide in the presentation, another file, an email address or a web page (URL).

Test every link in slide show view. Then take a screenshot of the link settings as evidence.

Link to	Example in our presentation	What to set
A slide	Home button on every slide → slide 1	Place the button on the master so it is on every slide
A file	"See timetable" → timetable.pdf	Use a relative path to the supplied file
An email	"Contact us" → info@cdretiro.es	A mailto: link with the address, and a subject line if asked
A URL	"Book online" → https://www.cdretiro.es/book	The full address including https://

!Watch out

A typing error in an email address or URL makes the link useless and loses the mark. Copy the address exactly from the brief.

Presenter notes

Presenter notes (speaker notes) are text for the speaker. They are written under each slide and the audience does not see them on the screen.

They remind the speaker what to say, so the slides can stay short.

The task may give you the notes to type, or ask you to print slides with their notes.

e.g.Example

Slide 2 shows: "Padel courts: €12.00 per hour" Notes: "Mention the 20% discount for junior members. Courts must be booked 48 hours ahead."

Study it

Open the study page and go one step at a time.

ICT topic 1

Check yourself

One question at a time. The reason shows after each answer.

Saved on this device.

Last Paper 2 practice

You will learn to

Success criteria

Line spacing and paragraph spacing

Tab stops: four kinds

Indents: first line and hanging

Calculated fields and calculated controls

Sum, average, maximum, minimum, count

Sort on one or more fields

Read a query grid: a simple search

Comparison operators

AND: every condition must be true

OR: any condition can be true

NOT, LIKE and wildcards

Queries across two tables, and evidence

Text, images, charts and tables

Shapes, lines, audio and video

Alternative text

Action buttons and hyperlinks

Presenter notes

Types and components of computer systems

Input and output devices

Storage devices and media

Networks and the effects of using them

The effects of using IT

ICT applications

The systems life cycle

Safety and security

Audience

Communication

File management

Images

Layout

Styles

Proofing

Graphs and charts

Document production

Databases

Presentations

Spreadsheets

Website authoring